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legitimate income

Толкование Перевод

1 legitimate income

см. lawful income

Англо-русский юридический словарь > legitimate income
2 legitimate income

Юридический термин: доход законного происхождения, законный доход

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > legitimate income
3 legitimate income

прибуток законного походження, законний ( або помірний) прибуток

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > legitimate income
4 legitimate

1) законна мати; законний батько; законнонароджені нащадки

2) законний, легальний, легітимний, на законній підставі; узаконений; заснований на праві прямого успадкування; правильний; правомірний; обґрунтований, поважний, серйозний; законнонароджений

3) легітимізувати, узаконювати, надавати законного статусу, визнавати законним ( або чинним); виправдовувати; слугувати виправданням; усиновляти ( позашлюбну дитину)

•

legitimate area of government intervention — законна сфера державного втручання

legitimate character of a claim — правомірність претензії

legitimate powers of government — законні повноваження уряду

- legitimate a child
- legitimate accident
- legitimate act
- legitimate activities
- legitimate activity
- legitimate aim
- legitimate argument
- legitimate article of commerce
- legitimate assets
- legitimate authority
- legitimate birth
- legitimate business
- legitimate character
- legitimate child
- legitimate children
- legitimate claim
- legitimate concern
- legitimate contender for power
- legitimate daughter
- legitimate demand
- legitimate demonstration
- legitimate design
- legitimate discontent
- legitimate drug
- legitimate economy
- legitimate employment
- legitimate enterprise
- legitimate evidence
- legitimate excuse
- legitimate exercise of duties
- legitimate expectation
- legitimate father
- legitimate grievance
- legitimate government
- legitimate gun owner
- legitimate heir
- legitimate income
- legitimate influence
- legitimate information use
- legitimate instrument
- legitimate interest
- legitimate interference
- legitimate king
- legitimate law enforcement
- legitimate means
- legitimate method
- legitimate mother
- legitimate nature
- legitimate need
- legitimate objective
- legitimate offspring
- legitimate origin
- legitimate owner
- legitimate place
- legitimate possessor
- legitimate powers
- legitimate privilege
- legitimate public interest
- legitimate purpose
- legitimate reason
- legitimate recipient
- legitimate referral
- legitimate relationship
- legitimate representative
- legitimate request
- legitimate right
- legitimate son
- legitimate source
- legitimate source of income
- legitimate sovereign
- legitimate state
- legitimate status
- legitimate transaction
- legitimate unionization
- legitimate use

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > legitimate
5 income

доход

- adjusted gross income
- crime income
- disposable income
- excessive income
- gross income
- illegal income
- inordinary income
- lawful income
- ordinary income
- taxable income
- taxed income
- unlawful income
- illegitimate income
- illicit income
- legal income
- legitimate income
- licit income

Англо-русский юридический словарь > income
6 legitimate

1. n законнорождённый ребёнок

2. n законный правитель

a legitimate source of income — законный источник дохода

legitimate accident — «законный» несчастный случай

legitimate drug — наркотик законного происхождения

legitimate assets — активы законного происхождения

legitimate owner — законный владелец

3. n защитник прав законного правителя

legitimate cause — правое дело

legitimate right — законное право

legitimate purpose — законная цель

legitimate heir — законный наследник

4. a законнорождённый

legitimate child — законнорождённый ребёнок

5. a законный, правильный

legitimate claim — законное требование

legitimate request — законная просьба, правомерное ходатайство

6. a законный; осуществляемый по закону о наследовании

legitimate relationship — родство, признанное законом

7. a законный, допустимый; оправданный, обоснованный

legitimate reason — уважительная причина

legitimate value — допустимое значение

8. a театр. драматический

legitimate drama, legitimate theatre — драматический театр ; настоящий театр

legitimate drama — драматический театр

legitimate theater — драматический театр

9. v юр. узаконивать, легитимировать

10. v признавать законным

legitimate design — законное намерение; намерение совершить законные действия

11. v усыновлять

Синонимический ряд:

1. authentic (adj.) authentic; genuine; verifiable

2. lawful (adj.) innocent; justifiable; lawful; legal; licensed; licit; official; rightful; sanctioned; true

3. regular (adj.) appropriate; common-sense; correct; logical; proper; reasonable; regular; sensible; sound; tenable; valid; warranted

4. authorise (verb) authorise; authorize; endorse; justify; legalise; legalize; legitimise

Антонимический ряд:

fraudulent; illegal; illegitimate; illicit; improper; incorrect; invalid; irrational; unreasonable; unsuitable; untrue; wrong

English-Russian base dictionary > legitimate
7 legitimate source of income

Макаров: законный источник дохода

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > legitimate source of income
8 legitimate source of income

законне джерело прибутку

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > legitimate source of income
9 lawful income

= legal income, = legitimate income, = licit income доход законного происхождения, законный доход

Англо-русский юридический словарь > lawful income
10 a legitimate source of income

Макаров: законный источник дохода

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > a legitimate source of income
11 depreciation

Gen Mgt

an allocation of the cost of an asset over a period of time for accounting and tax purposes. Depreciation is charged against earnings, on the basis that the use of capital assets is a legitimate cost of doing business. Depreciation is also a noncash expense that is added into net income to determine cash-flow in a given accounting period.

EXAMPLE

To qualify for depreciation, assets must be items used in the business that wear out, become obsolete, or lose value over time from natural causes or circumstances, and they must have a useful life beyond a single tax year. Examples include vehicles, machines equipment, furnishings, and buildings, plus major additions or improvements to such assets. Some intangible assets also can be included under certain conditions. Land, personal assets, stock, leased or rented property, and a company’s employees cannot be depreciated.

      Straight-line depreciation is the most straightforward method. It assumes that the net cost of an asset should be written off in equal amounts over its life. The formula used is:

(Original cost – scrap value)/Useful life (years)

For example, if a vehicle cost $20,000 and can be expected to serve the business for seven years, its original cost would be divided by its useful life:

(30,000 – 2,000)/7 = 4,000 per year

The $4,000 becomes a depreciation expense that is reported on the company’s year-end income statement under “operation expenses.”

     In theory, an asset should be depreciated over the actual number of years that it will be used, according to its actual drop in value each year. At the end of each year, all the depreciation claimed to date is subtracted from its cost in order to arrive at its book value, which would equal its market value. At the end of its useful business life, any undepreciated portion would represent the salvage value for which it could be sold or scrapped.

     For tax purposes, some accountants prefer to use accelerated depreciation to record larger amounts of depreciation in the asset’s early years in order to reduce tax bills as soon as possible. In contrast to the straight-line method, the declining-balance method assumes that the asset depreciates more in its earlier years of use. The table opposite compares the depreciation amounts that would be available, under these two methods, for a $1,000 asset that is expected to be used for five years and then sold for $100 in scrap.

     The depreciation method to be used for a particular asset is fixed at the time that the asset is first placed in service. Whatever rules

or tables are in effect for that year must be followed as long as the asset is owned.

     Depreciation laws and regulations change frequently over the years as a result of government policy changes, so a company owning property over a long period may have to use several different depreciation methods.

The ultimate business dictionary > depreciation
12 source

[sɔ:s] n
1. 1) верховье; исток

source of a river - истоки /верховье/ реки

2) родник, ключ; источник

2. 1) источник, основа; начало, (перво)причина

source of grief [of inspiration, of joy, of knowledge, of supply, of infection] - источник горя [вдохновения, радости, знаний, снабжения, инфекции]

source of funds - эк. источник финансирования

a legitimate source of income - законный источник дохода

to tap a new source of revenue - открыть новую доходную статью

to cut off the evil at its source - подавить зло в его истоке /в зародыше/

2) источник информации

to know smth. from reliable sources - знать что-л. из достоверных /надёжных/ источников

well-informed sources say that... - из хорошо осведомлённых источников стало известно, что...

we cannot trace the source of this report - мы не смогли выяснить, откуда исходит это сообщение

3. письменный источник, документ

historical sources - исторические документы /данные/

original /primary/ sources - первоисточники

4. происхождение, предки

to trace smb.'s source - проследить чьё-л. происхождение

5. спец. источник (энергии, питания)

6. физ. излучатель

7. вчт. исходный текст; исходная программа (тж. source code)

НБАРС > source
13 right

сущ.

1) общ. правота, правда, справедливость

Right will prevail! — Правое дело победит!

Syn:

justice, righteousness

2) юр., фил. право (предоставляемая законодательством или системой морали возможность осуществлять определенные действия по отношению к другим лицам или предметам)

ATTRIBUTES: accrued, commercial, common law, conditional, copyright, customary 2), exclusive, irrevocable, non-commercial, non-exclusive, prior appropriation, royalty-free, salable, statute-barred, statutory, territorial, transferable, vested, unconditional

to be within one's right — быть вправе

to claim a right — заявлять право

to exercise a right — использовать право

to establish a right — устанавливать право

to extinguish a right — аннулировать право

to acquire a right — приобретать право

to declare a right — признавать право

to concede a right — уступить право

to confer a right — давать право

to contest a right — оспаривать право

to create a right — создавать право

to deny smb. the right — лишать кого-л. права

to defend the right — защищать право

to disclaim right — не признавать право; оспаривать право

to enjoy a right — пользоваться правом

to forfeit a right — потерять право

to give the right — давать право

to infringe a right — нарушить право

to interfere with a right — оспаривать права на патент

to lose a right — потерять право

to maintain a right — заявлять право, сохранять в силе право

to prejudice a right — нанести ущерб праву

to preserve a right — сохранять право

to reserve right — оговаривать [сохранять\] право

to resign a right — отказаться от прав

to safeguard a right — охранять право

to surrender a right — отказываться от права, уступать право

to transfer a right — передавать право

to vest a right — наделять правом

COMBS:

artist's right — право артиста

She has a right to the property. — У нее есть право на собственность.

right to the patent — право на патент

to have a right in the name — владеть правами на торговый знак

Government has certain rights in the invention. — Государство владеет определенными правами на изобретение.

The minister has the right to be heard by parliament. — Министр имеет право выступать перед парламентом.

quantity of right — объем прав

scope of right — объем права

lapse of right — переход права

lawful exercise of right — законное осуществление права

See:

CHILD [holder\]: consumer rights, gay rights, individual right, junior right, manorial right, right of owner CHILD [nature\]: accrued right, acquired right, chartered right, civil rights, constitutional right, contractual right, customary right, derivative right, divine right, economic property rights, equitable right, fundamental right, human right, inherent right innate right, legal right 1), legal right 2), legitimate right, patent right, prescriptive right, priority right 2), shopright, sovereign right, vested right CHILD [object\]: adaptation right, air right, ancillary right, bring-along rights, conversion right, copyright, distribution right, drag-along rights, film right, franchising right, job rights, homestead right, incorporeal right, information right, initial negotiating right, intellectual property right, licensing right, neighbouring right, non-property right, operating right, performing right, political right, pollution right, possessive right, possessory right, pre-emption right, pre-emptive right, pre-emptive subscription right, property rights, renewal right, reproduction right, right of action, right of association, right of confrontation, right to appeal, right to education, rights of first generation, right of routing, rights of second generation, rights of third generation, right of way, right to bid, right to bind, right to convey, right to damages, right to enforce, right to exclude, right to income, right to interest, right to know, right to privacy, right to put questions, right to recovery, right to remain silent, right to rest, right to return, right to sell, right to silence, right to speak, right to strike, right to travel, right to use, right to vote, screen right, stage right, stock appreciation right, stock right, stock subscription right, subscription right, tag-along rights, trademark right, underlying right, visitation right, voting right, water right, welfare right CHILD [extent\]: active right, bare right, commercial right, conditional right, exclusive right, inalienable right, incontestable right, monopoly right, negative right, non-commercial right, non-exclusive right, passive right, positive right, preferential right, prerogative right, prior right, priority right 1), sole right, unconditional right, advice of right

3) упр. право, разрешение (официальное разрешение на что-л.; допуск к выполнению каких-л. обязанностей, к занятию какой-л. должности)

See:

stock right, rights offering

4) пол. правый, правые

а) (о политических партиях, взглядах, принципах и т. п. консервативной направленности; историческое происхождение термина связано с размещением консервативно настроенных членов Учредительного собрания периода Великой французской революции в зале заседаний справа от от председательствующего)

The right have opposed the increases in the government spending. — Правые выступили против увеличения государственных расходов.

The centre party has shown a noticeable move to the right in recent years. — Центристская партия в последние годы стала значительно правее.

See:

authoritarian right, libertarian right, New Right, political right, radical right, political party

б) (о группе внутри партии, придерживающаяся более консервативных взглядов, чем основная часть членов партии)

Members of the right of the party oppose the new manifesto. — Члены правой группы партии выступают против нового манифеста.

Ant:

political centre, rightism, conservatism

See:

political centre, rightism, conservatism

* * *
право: право владельца акций компании на участие в новых выпусках ценных бумаг этой компании на льготных условиях; см. ex-rights;
preemptive right;

rights issue;

subscription right.

* * *

право льготной подписки
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > right
14 claim

1. n

1) требование; претензия, притязание; заявление права; правопритязание

2) иск; претензия; рекламация

3) заявление, утверждение

4) патентная формула

- accessory claim
- additional claim
- admitted claim
- broad claim
- civil claim
- clearing claim
- commercial claim
- compensation claim
- conflicting claims
- contingent claim
- contract claim
- contractual claim
- correct claim
- counter claim
- damage claim
- debt claim
- default claim
- demurrage claim
- dependent claim
- disbursement claim
- disputed claim
- dormant claim
- draft claim
- drawback claim
- equitable claim
- fair claim
- false claim
- fictitious claim
- first claim
- foreign currency claim
- freight claim
- groundless claim
- heavy claim
- hypothecary claim
- income claim
- insurance claim
- interfering claim
- invalid claim
- irrevocable claim
- just claim
- justifiable claim
- justified claim
- lawful claim
- legal claim
- legitimate claim
- litigious claim
- main claim
- maintenance claim
- maritime claim
- monetary claim
- money claim
- mortgage claim
- narrow claim
- nonstatutory claim
- official claim
- omnibus claim
- overbroad claim
- patent claim
- payment claim
- pecuniary claim
- portal claims
- preceding claim
- preferential claim
- principal claim
- prior claim
- priority claim
- process claim
- product claim
- product liability claim
- quality claim
- quantity claim
- reasonable claim
- reciprocal claims
- reimbursement claim
- residual claim
- salvage claim
- settled claim
- shortage claim
- stale claim
- statutory claim
- supplementary claim
- tax claim
- tort claim
- total claim
- unjustified claim
- unlawful claim
- unreasonable claim
- unsettled claim
- valid claim
- wage claim
- warranty claim
- well-grounded claim
- claim for compensation
- claim for damage
- claim for damages
- claim for indemnification
- claim for indemnity
- claim for infringement
- claim for losses
- claim for money
- claim for refund
- claim in return
- claim of ownership
- claim of priority
- claim to priority
- claim to property
- claim under a contract
- claim arising under customs laws
- abandon a claim
- acknowledge a claim
- admit a claim
- advance a claim
- allow a claim
- assert a claim
- assign a claim
- bring a claim
- conflict with a claim
- conform with a claim
- consider a claim
- contest a claim
- decline a claim
- defeat a claim
- disallow a claim
- dismiss a claim
- dispute a claim
- enter a claim
- establish a claim
- file a claim
- frame a patent claim
- give up a claim
- handle claims
- justify a claim
- lay a claim
- lodge a claim
- make a claim
- make a counter claim
- meet a claim
- offset against a claim
- pay a claim
- prosecute a claim
- put forward a claim
- put in a claim
- refuse to satisfy the claim
- recognize a claim
- reject a claim
- relinquish a claim
- renounce a claim
- repudiate a claim
- resign a claim
- revoke a claim
- run a claim
- satisfy a claim
- settle a claim
- set up a claim
- substantiate a claim
- surrender a claim
- sustain a claim
- turn down a claim
- waive a claim
- withdraw a claim
2. v

1) требовать

2) заявлять, утверждать

- claim debts
- claim back

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > claim
15 right

n

1) право

2) pl порядок

3) право владельца акций на участие в новых выпусках акций этой компании на льготных условиях

- absolute rights
- agent's rights
- application right
- appropriative right
- basic rights
- bonus right
- buyer's right
- carrier's right
- civil right
- claimant's right
- commercial right
- constitutional rights
- conversion rights
- distribution right
- dividend right
- drawing rights
- equal rights
- exclusive right
- exclusive right of sale
- exclusive right to use
- exclusivity right
- franchising right
- full right of use
- fundamental rights
- grand rights
- human rights
- inalienable right
- incorporeal right
- industrial right
- industrial property right
- infringed right
- inherent right
- innovative rights
- in-rem right
- intellectual property rights
- inventor's right
- licensed right
- lawful right
- legal right
- legitimate right
- manufacturing right
- material right
- mercantile right
- mineral rights
- Miranda rights
- monopoly right
- natural rights
- nonexclusive right to sell
- nonproperty right
- option right
- ownership right
- participating right
- patent right
- patentee's right
- patent sales right
- precarious right
- pre-emption right
- pre-emptive right
- preferential right
- prescriptive right
- prior right
- priority right
- procedural right
- property right
- property right to buildings
- property right to land
- property right to an enterprise
- proprietary right
- protective right
- purchase right
- qualified voting right
- reciprocal right
- sales right
- security right
- seller's right
- selling right
- semi-exclusive right
- simple right
- sole right to sell
- sole voting right
- Special Drawing Rights
- statutory rights
- stock right
- stock redemption right
- subrogation rights
- subscription right
- taxing rights
- tenant right
- third-party rights
- trading right
- underlying right
- unqualified rights
- vested right
- veto right
- voting right
- right in rem
- right in property
- right of action
- rights of an agent
- right of appeal
- right of authorship
- right of cancellation
- right of a carrier
- right of a charterer
- right of claim
- right of continued use
- right of concurrent use
- right of confiscation
- right of defence
- right of demand
- right of disposal
- right of domicile
- right of early delivery
- right of eminent domain
- right of entry
- right of establishment
- right of first refusal
- right of inspection
- right of issuing notes
- right of joint use
- right of movement
- right of offset
- right of option
- right of owner
- right of ownership
- right of passage
- right of possession
- right of pre-emption
- rights of the principal
- right of priority
- right of priority of creditors
- right of prior use
- right of property
- right of protection
- right of protest
- right of publication
- right of readdressing
- right of recourse
- right of redemption
- right of reexport
- right of regress
- right of reproduction
- right of repurchase
- right of resale
- right of rescission
- right of retention
- right of return
- right of routing
- right of sales
- right of signature
- right of stoppage in transit
- right of sublease
- right of substitution
- right of suit
- right of survivorship
- right of veto
- right of way
- right to assign
- right to benefits
- right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty
- right to be reimbursed
- right to cargo
- right to a claim
- right to claim damages
- right to compensation
- right to contribution in general average
- right to dispose
- right to distribute
- right to indemnity
- right to an industrial design
- right to issue
- right to manufacture
- right to a part of the assets upon liquidation
- right to pass through
- right to a patent
- right to a pension
- right to a proportion of the net profits
- right to recall
- right to recover damages
- right to remuneration
- right to sell
- right to subscribe to new shares
- right to substitution
- right to tax income
- right to terminate a contract
- right to use
- right to vote
- all rights reserved
- rights and liabilities
- cum rights
- ex rights
- with rights
- without the right of recourse
- without any prejudice to the right
- abandon a right
- abridge rights
- acquire a right
- affect the rights
- ascertain rights
- assert one's rights
- assign a right
- assume a right
- buy TV rights for sports events
- cede a right
- contest a right
- convey a right
- curtail rights
- define rights
- deny a right
- deprive of a right
- determine rights
- disclaim a right
- encroach on rights
- enjoy a right
- establish a right
- exercise a right
- forfeit a right
- forgo a right
- give the right to
- grant the right to
- have a right
- impair a right
- infringe on a right
- introduce a pre-emptive right
- invoke a right
- lose a right
- prejudice a right
- protect rights
- recognize rights
- relinquish one's right
- renounce a right
- reserve a right
- resign a right
- respect rights
- restore smb to his rights
- restrict rights
- retain a right
- secure a right
- surrender a right
- transfer a right
- uphold a right
- use a right
- vest with rights
- vindicate one's rights
- violate a right
- waive a right

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > right
16 claim

1.

1) требовать

2) заявлять, утверждать

•

- claim back

2.

1) требование; претензия, притязание

2) право, право требования

3) иск; претензия; рекламация

4) заявление, утверждение

•

- admitted claim

- compensation claim

- conflicting claims

- contract claim

- contractual claim

- correct claim

- counter claim

- damage claim

- default claim

- disputed claim

- dormant claim

- equitable claim

- fair claim

- groundless claim

- heavy claim

- hypothecary claim

- income claim

- insurance claim

- invalid claim

- just claim

- justifiable claim

- justified claim

- lawful claim

- legal claim

- legitimate claim

- litigious claim

- monetary claim

- money claim

- mortgage claim

- nonstatutory claim

- payment claim

- pecuniary claim

- preferential claim

- principal claim

- prior claim

- priority claim

- reasonable claim

- settled claim

- stale claim

- statutory claim

- tax claim

- total claim

- undisputed claim on company earnings

- unjustified claim

- unsettled claim

- valid claim

- wage claim

- warranty claim

- well-grounded claim

- claim for compensation

- claim for damage

- claim for damages

- claim for indemnification

- claim for indemnity

- claim for infringement

- claim for losses

- claim for money

- claim for refund

- claim of ownership

- claim of priority

- claim to priority

- claim to property

- claim under a contract

- abandon a claim

- acknowledge a claim

- admit a claim

- advance a claim

- assert a claim

- assign a claim

- bring a claim

- contest a claim

- decline a claim

- defeat a claim

- disallow a claim

- discharge a claim

- dismiss a claim

- dispute a claim

- enter a claim

- establish a claim

- file a claim

- give up a claim

- handle claims

- justify a claim

- lay a claim

- lodge a claim

- make a claim

- meet a claim

- offset against a claim

- pay a claim

- prosecute a claim

- put forward a claim

- put in a claim

- recognize a claim

- reject a claim

- relinquish a claim

- repudiate a claim

- resign a claim

- revoke a claim

- satisfy a claim

- settle a claim

- set up a claim

- substantiate a claim

- surrender a claim

- sustain a claim

- turn down a claim

- waive a claim

- withdraw a claim

- claim arising under customs laws

- claims paid abroad

Holders of first mortgage bonds have a claim or lien before other creditors on the mortgaged assets. — Держатели первой ипотечной облигации имеют преимущественное право на заложенные активы по сравнению с другими кредиторами.

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > claim
17 gripe

I n sl
My main gripe is he doesn't apply himself — Единственное, на что я могу пожаловаться, это то, что он плохо учится

Couldn't you follow up on this gripe? — Ты не мог бы разобраться с этой жалобой?

Have you any more gripes? — У вас еще есть какие-либо жалобы?

He has a legitimate gripe — У него есть все основания быть недовольным
II vi sl
She's always griping about one thing or another — Она вечно чем-то недовольна

He's griping about his income tax again — Он снова ноет, что с него взяли большой подоходный налог

What's he griping about? — На что он там еще жалуется?

That would give her something to gripe about — Вот она бы тогда начала разоряться
III vt AmE sl
He's griped by the new provisions in the contract — Он раздражен тем, что в контракт включили новые пункты

What's griping him is that he can't do anything for the kids — Его бесит то, что он ничего не может сделать для детей

The new dictionary of modern spoken language > gripe
18 source

1. n верховье; исток

source of a river — истоки реки

grounded source amplifier — усилитель с общим истоком

diffused source — диффузионный исток

p-doped source — исток р-типа

n-doped source — исток n-типа

2. n родник, ключ; источник

source unit — источник

study source — источник

ion source — ионный источник

source area — источник сноса

arc source — дуговой источник

3. n источник, основа; начало, причина

source of grief — источник горя

source of funds — источник финансирования

a legitimate source of income — законный источник дохода

phosphorous diffusion source — диффузионный источник фосфора

liquid-metal ion source — жидкометаллический ионный источник

ionizing radiation source — источник ионизирующего излучения

controlled voltage source — регулируемый источник напряжения

source of currency proceeds — источник валютных поступлений

4. n источник информации

well-informed sources say that … — из хорошо осведомлённых источников стало известно, что …

cold source — источник холода

data source — источник данных

legal source — источник права

light source — источник света

sound source — источник звука

5. n письменный источник, документ

historical sources — исторические документы

source authentication — подтверждение подлинности источника

clock source — источник тактовых синхронизирующих импульсов

to locate the source of a pain — установить источник боли

source of increased danger — источник повышенной опасности

water source pressure — гидравлическое давление источника

6. n происхождение, предки

7. n физ. излучатель

source head — головка излучателя

8. n вчт. исходный текст; исходная программа

source relation — исходное отношение

source information — исходная информация

source editor — редактор входной программы

source text — входной текст, текст на входе

source library — библиотека исходных модулей

Синонимический ряд:

1. basis (noun) basis; foundation

2. contact (noun) contact

3. derivation (noun) beginning; cause; derivation; fount; fountain; fountainhead; inception; mother; origin; provenance; provenience; reservoir; river; root; rootage; rootstock; root-stock; seed; spring; well; wellhead; wellspring; whence

4. expert (noun) authorisation; authorization; expert; reference; specialist

Антонимический ряд:

conclusion; end; finish; issue; mouth; outcome; outgrowth; termination

English-Russian base dictionary > source
19 Angola

(and Enclave of Cabinda)

   From 1575 to 1975, Angola was a colony of Portugal. Located in west-central Africa, this colony has been one of the largest, most strategically located, and richest in mineral and agricultural resources in the continent. At first, Portugal's colonial impact was largely coastal, but after 1700 it became more active in the interior. By international treaties signed between 1885 and 1906, Angola's frontiers with what are now Zaire and Zambia were established. The colony's area was 1,246,700 square kilometers (481,000 square miles), Portugal's largest colonial territory after the independence of Brazil. In Portugal's third empire, Angola was the colony with the greatest potential.

   The Atlantic slave trade had a massive impact on the history, society, economy, and demography of Angola. For centuries, Angola's population played a subordinate role in the economy of Portugal's Brazil-centered empire. Angola's population losses to the slave trade were among the highest in Africa, and its economy became, to a large extent, hostage to the Brazilian plantation-based economic system. Even after Brazil's independence in 1822, Brazilian economic interests and capitalists were influential in Angola; it was only after Brazil banned the slave trade in 1850 that the heavy slave traffic to former Portuguese America began to wind down. Although slavery in Angola was abolished, in theory, in the 1870s, it continued in various forms, and it was not until the early 1960s that its offspring, forced labor, was finally ended.

   Portugal's economic exploitation of Angola went through different stages. During the era of the Atlantic slave trade (ca. 1575-1850), when many of Angola's slaves were shipped to Brazil, Angola's economy was subordinated to Brazil's and to Portugal's. Ambitious Lisbon-inspired projects followed when Portugal attempted to replace the illegal slave trade, long the principal income source for the government of Angola, with legitimate trade, mining, and agriculture. The main exports were dyes, copper, rubber, coffee, cotton, and sisal. In the 1940s and 1950s, petroleum emerged as an export with real potential. Due to the demand of the World War II belligerents for Angola's raw materials, the economy experienced an impetus, and soon other articles such as diamonds, iron ore, and manganese found new customers. Angola's economy, on an unprecedented scale, showed significant development, which was encouraged by Lisbon. Portugal's colonization schemes, sending white settlers to farm in Angola, began in earnest after 1945, although such plans had been nearly a century in the making. Angola's white population grew from about 40,000 in 1940 to nearly 330,000 settlers in 1974, when the military coup occurred in Portugal.

   In the early months of 1961, a war of African insurgency broke out in northern Angola. Portugal dispatched armed forces to suppress resistance, and the African insurgents were confined to areas on the borders of northern and eastern Angola at least until the 1966-67 period. The 13-year colonial war had a telling impact on both Angola and Portugal. When the Armed Forces Movement overthrew the Estado Novo on 25 April 1974, the war in Angola had reached a stalemate and the major African nationalist parties (MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA) had made only modest inroads in the northern fringes and in central and eastern Angola, while there was no armed activity in the main cities and towns.

   After a truce was called between Portugal and the three African parties, negotiations began to organize the decolonizat ion process. Despite difficult maneuvering among the parties, Portugal, the MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA signed the Alvor Agreement of January 1975, whereby Portugal would oversee a transition government, create an all-Angola army, and supervise national elections to be held in November 1975. With the outbreak of a bloody civil war among the three African parties and their armies, the Alvor Agreement could not be put into effect. Fighting raged between March and November 1975. Unable to prevent the civil war or to insist that free elections be held, Portugal's officials and armed forces withdrew on 11 November 1975. Rather than handing over power to one party, they transmitted sovereignty to the people of Angola. Angola's civil war continued into the 21st century.

    See also Empire, Portuguese overseas.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Angola

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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legitimate income

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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legitimate income

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